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Tuesday, 11 September 2012

How to Configuring Router via Commands

Configuring the Router

You will be able to learn the basic commands for configuring a router.

sh running-config - details the running configuration file (RAM)

sh startup-config - displays the configuration stored in NVRAM
setup - Will start the the automatic setup; the same as when you first boot the router

config t - use to execute configuration commands from the terminal

config mem - executes configuration commands stored in NVRAM; copies startup-config to running-config

config net - used to retrieve configuration info from a TFTP server

copy running-config startup-config - copies saved config in running config (RAM) to NVRAM or "write memory" for IOS under ver.11

copy startup-config running-config - copies from non-volatile(NVRAM) to current running config (RAM)

boot system flash - tells router which IOS file in flash to boot from

boot system tftp - tells router which IOS file on the tftp server to boot from

boot system rom - tell router to boot from ROM at next boot

copy flash tftp - Copies flash to tftp server

copy tftp flash - Restores flash from tftp server

copy run tftp - Copies the current running-config to tftp server

copy tftp run - Restores the running-config from tftp server

General Commands

Here is a list of the general commands. These are the basic level commands and most commonly used

no shutdown - (enables the interface)

reload - restarts the router

sh ver - Cisco IOS version, uptime of router, how the router started, where system was loaded from, the interfaces the POST found, and the configuration register

sh clock - shows date and time on router

sh history - shows the history of your commands

sh debug - shows all debugging that is currently enabled

no debug all - turns off all debugging

sh users - shows users connected to router

sh protocols - shows which protocols are configured

banner motd # Your customized message here # - Set/change banner

hostname - use to configure the hostname of the router

clear counters - clear interface counters

Privileged Mode commands of a router

Learn how to work in the privileged mode of a router.

enable - get to privileged mode

disable - get to user mode

enable password - sets privileged mode password

enable secret - sets encrypted privileged mode password
Setting Passwords on router

Here you will be able to learn how to set the password on a router.

enable secret - set encrypted password for privileged access

enable password - set password for privileged access (used when
there is no enable secret and when using older software)
Setting the password for console access:

(config)#line console 0

(config-line)#login

(config-line)#password
Set password for virtual terminal (telnet) access (password must be set to access router through telnet):

(config)#line vty 0 4

(config-line)#login

(config-line)#password
Set password for auxiliary (modem) access:

(config)#line aux 0

(config-line)#login

(config-line)#password

Router Processes & Statistics

By these command you can see the statistics and different processes of the router.

sh processes - shows active processes running on router

sh process cpu - shows cpu statistics

sh mem - shows memory statistics

sh flash - describes the flash memory and displays the size of
files and the amount of free flash memory

sh buffers - displays statistics for router buffer pools; shows the size of the Small, Middle, Big, Very Big, Large and Huge Buffers

sh stacks - shows reason for last reboot, monitors the stack use of processes and interrupts routines

IP Commands

Here is a list of the IP Commands

Configure IP on an interface:

int serial 0
ip address 157.89.1.3 255.255.0.0

int eth 0
ip address 2008.1.1.4 255.255.255.0

Other IP Commands:

sh ip route - view ip routing table

ip route [administrative_distance] - configure a static IP route

ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 - sets default gateway

ip classless - use with static routing to allow packets destined for unrecognized subnets to use the best possible route

sh arp - view arp cache; shows MAC address of connected routers
ip address 2.2.2.2 255.255.255.0 secondary - configure a 2nd ip address on an interface

sh ip protocol
CDP Commands (Cisco Discovery Protocol uses layer 2 multicast over a SNAP-capable link to send data):

sh cdp neighbor - shows directly connected neighbors

sh cdp int - shows which interfaces are running CDP

sh cdp int eth 0/0 - show CDP info for specific interface

sh cdp entry - shows CDP neighbor detail

cdp timer 120 - change how often CDP info is sent (default cdp timer is 60)

cp holdtime 240 - how long to wait before removing a CDP neighbor (default CDP holdtime is 180)

sh cdp run - shows if CDP turned on

no cdp run - turns off CDP for entire router (global config)

no cdp enable - turns off CDP on specific interface

IPX Commands

Enable IPX on router:

ipx routing
Configure IPX + IPX-RIP on an int:
int ser 0
ipx network 4A

Other Commands:

sh ipx route - shows IPX routing table

sh ipx int e0 - shows ipx address on int

sh ipx servers - shows SAP table

sh ipx traffic - view traffic statistics

debug ipx routing activity - debugs IPS RIP packets

debug ipx sap - debugs SAP packets

Routing Protocols

RIP, IGPR and OSPF are the routing protocols and here is a list of the commands for the working on the routing protocols.

Configure RIP:
router rip
network 157.89.0.0
network 208.1.1.0

Other RIP Commands:
debug ip rip - view RIP debugging info

Configure IGRP:
router IGRP 200
network 157.89.0.0
network 208.1.1.0

Other IGRP Commands:
debug ip igrp events - view IGRP debugging info
debug ip igrp transactions - view IGRP debugging info

Access Lists

Here is a list of the Access list command of a router.

sh ip int ser 0 - use to view which IP access lists are applies to which int

sh ipx int ser 0 - use to view which IPX access lists are applies to which int

sh appletalk int ser 0 - use to view which AppleTalk access lists are applies to which int

View access lists:
sh access-lists

sh ip access-lists

sh ipx access-lists

sh appletalk access-lists

Apply standard IP access list to int eth 0:
access-list 1 deny 200.1.1.0 0.0.0.255
access-list 1 permit any
int eth 0
ip access-group 1 in

Apply Extended IP access list to int eth 0:
access-list 100 deny tcp host 1.1.1.1 host 2.2.2.2 eq 23
access-list 100 deny tcp 3.3.3.0 0.0.0.255 any eq 80
int eth 0
ip access-group 100 out

Apply Standard IPX access list to int eth 0:
access-list 800 deny 7a 8000
access-list 800 permit -1
int eth 0
ipx access-group 800 out

Apply Standard IPX access list to int eth 0:
access-list 900 deny sap any 3378 -1
access-list 900 permit sap any all -1
int eth 0
ipx access-group 900 out

WAN Configurations Commands

Networking over WAN is the main functionality of a router. The most common use of a router is for the WAN connectivity. Here is a list of the commands for the different methods of the WAN connectivity.

PPP Configuration

Point to point protocol is a method for the WAN connectivity and you will find here some commands of PPP.

encapsulation pppppp authentication
ppp chap hostname
ppp pap sent-username
sh int ser 0 - use to view encapsulation on the interface

Frame-Relay Configuration

One of the methods for the WAN connectivity is the Frame Relay. Find here some basic commands for the WAN connectivity through Frame Relay.

encapsulation frame-relay ietf - use IETF when setting up a frame-relay network between a Ciscorouter and a non-Cisco router
frame-relay lmi-type ansi - LMI types are Cisco, ANSI, Q933A; Cisco is the default; LMI type is auto-sensed in IOS v11.2 and up
frame-relay map ip 3.3.3.3 100 broadcast - if inverse ARP won't work, map Other IP to Your DLCI # (local)
keep alive 10 - use to set keep alive

sh int ser 0 - use to show DLCI, LMI, and encapsulation info

sh frame-relay pvc - shows the configured DLCI's; shows PVC traffic stats

sh frame-relay map - shows route mapssh frame-relay lmi - shows LMI info

Miscellaneous Commands

In the last but not least here is a list of the some miscellaneous and useful commands

sh controller t1 - shows status of T1 lines

sh controller serial 1 - use to determine if DCE or DTE device

(config-if)#clock rate 6400 - set clock on DCE (bits per second)

(config-if)#bandwidth 64 - set bandwidth (kilobits)

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