Simple Defination of Networking

Networking is process to connect one computer to many computer and share the information between these computer which is connected to each other.

Networking Device List :-

• Router
• Bridge
• Switch
• Hub
• Repeater
• Multilayer Switch
• Protocol Converter
• Bridge Router(Brouter)
• Digital media receiver
• Proxy
• Firewall
• network Address Translator
• Multiplexer
• Network Card
• modem
• ISDN terminal adapter
• line Driver

Router

Router is a networking device. Its use to connect two different network.We can share the information of two different sites with help of router.
There are many companies who makes the router.But mostly companies are use Cisco Routers only.
There are many series of router in the market.

• Cisco 800 Series Routers
• Cisco 1600 Series Routers
• Cisco 1700 Series Routers
• Cisco 2500 Series Routers
• Cisco 2600 Series Routers
• Cisco 3600 Series Routers
• Cisco 3700 Series Routers
• Cisco 6400 Series Routers
• Cisco 7200 Series Routers
• Cisco 7300 Series Routers
• Cisco 7400 Series Routers
• Cisco 7500 Series Routers
• Cisco 7600 Series Routers
• Cisco 10000 Series Routers
• Cisco 12000 Series Routers

Bridge

bridge is a product that connects a local area network (LAN) to another local area network that uses the same protocol (for example, Ethernet or Token Ring).

Switch

A network switch is a small hardware device that joins multiple computers together within one local area network (LAN). Technically, network switches operate at layer two (Data Link Layer) of the OSI model.

Hub

Hub is commonly used to connect segments of a LAN. A hub contains multiple ports. When a packet arrives at one port, it is copied to the other ports so that all segments of the LAN can see all packets.

Repeater

a repeater is a device that receives a digital signal on an electromagnetic or optical transmission medium and regenerates the signal along the next leg of the medium. In electromagnetic media, repeaters overcome the attenuation caused by free-space electromagnetic-field divergence or cable loss. A series of repeaters make possible the extension of a signal over a distance.

Multilayer Switch

A multilayer switch (MLS) is a computer networking device that switches on OSI layer 2 like an ordinary network switch and provides extra functions on higher OSI layers.

Protocol Converter

A Protocol Converter is a device used to convert standard or proprietary protocol of one device to the protocol suitable for the other device or tools to achieve the interoperability.

Bridge Router(Brouter)

A network device that combines the functions of a bridge and a router in one unit. It may support multiple protocols by routing routable packets and bridging non-routable packets. Or, it may support a variety of bridging requirements while providing routing.

Digital media receiver

A digital media receiver (DMR), also commonly referred to as a media extender, media streamer, or digital media adapter (DMA), is a home entertainment device that can connect to a home network to retrieve digital media files (such as music, pictures, or video) from a personal computer or other networked media server and play them back on a home theater system or TV. The DLNA organization refers to these devices as digital media renderers (DMR).

Proxy

A proxy is a web page that provides Internet users with the ability to browse web sites that may be blocked by a content filter, such as WebSense or SmartFilter. By making use of the proxy as the portal to the blocked site, it is possible to circumvent the work of whatever content filter is in place. At the same time, the proxy site also helps to mask the visit to the site, so that there is less evidence that the content filter was not successful in preventing the visit.

Firewall

A firewall is a part of a computer system or network that is designed to block unauthorized access while permitting authorized communications. It is a device or set of devices that is configured to permit or deny network transmissions based upon a set of rules and other criteria. Firewalls are thus a specialized type of router focusing on specific types of network security functions.

Figure 1-1. The two major classes of firewall design

Network Address Translator

network address translation (NAT) is the process of modifying network address information in datagram (IP) packet headers while in transit across a traffic routing device for the purpose of remapping one IP address space into another.

Figure 1-2. Example of network address translation

Multiplexer

a multiplexer or mux is a device that selects one of several analog or digital input signals and forwards the selected input into a single line. A multiplexer of 2n inputs has n select lines, which are used to select which input line to send to the output.

Figure 1-3. Function of Multiplexer.

Network Card

A network card is an expansion card which installs into a computer and enables that computer to physically connect to a local area network.

Figure 1-4. Network Card

Modem

A modem (modulator-demodulator) is a device that modulates an analog carrier signal to encode digital information, and also demodulates such a carrier signal to decode the transmitted information. The goal is to produce a signal that can be transmitted easily and decoded to reproduce the original digital data. Modems can be used over any means of transmitting analog signals, from driven diodes to radio.

ISDN Terminal Adapter

A terminal adapter (TA) is a hardware interface between a computer and an Integrated Services Digital Network line. It’s what replaces a modem when you are using an ISDN connection. Unlike “plain old telephone service,” which carries signal in analog (voice) form between your computer and the telephone company’s office, ISDN carries signals in digital form so there is no need to modulate and demodulate between analog and digital signals. The terminal adapter is what you have to install on a computer so that data can be fed directly into the ISDN line in digital form. Since ISDN service is not available from telephone companies in all areas, the terminal adapter is not usually built into a computer. You purchase and install it when you sign up for ISDN service.

Line Driver

In electronics, a line driver is an amplifier used to improve the strength of an analog or digital signal at its source by driving the input to the transmission line with a higher than normal signal level. This increases the quality of a transmission over a long run of cable. An example of a line driver is an amplifier used to extend the range of an RS-232C digital signal beyond 15 m (50ft) while maintaining a specified bit error ratio. In mobile audio, use of a line driver allows an amplifier’s gain to be set lower, reducing low-level noise. Line drivers may also be used to enhance distortion in guitar amplifiers.